Titration Calculator

An online titration calculator will help you to identify the different properties of a solution during an experiment. The titration molarity calculator does the volumetric analysis titration calculations to calculate the titratable acidity. 

What is Titration?

In chemistry, titration is a qualitative analysis technique, which can be used to compute the concentration of a specific analyte in a mixture. Titration is a vital technique in the field of analytical chemistry, sometimes called volumetric analysis.

During the titration process, a titrant/titrator is produced, which is a standard solution whose volume and concentration are specified. The titrant will react with the analyte until it reaches the endpoint or equivalence point, at which the analyte concentration can be determined by measuring the amount of titrant used.

Types of Chemical Analysis:

Titration is a stoichiometric concept used to determine the unknown concentration of a solution. The field of chemical analysis can be divided into two main types.

Qualitative analysis: Where one determines the composition of a compound i.e. to determine which free radicals are present in the salt.

Quantitative analysis: When the interest is based on the concentration of an unknown solution.

However, an online Chemical Equation Balancer Calculator provides a balanced equation, structure, and equilibrium constant with chemical names and formulas. 

Acid-Base Titration:

According to the degree of dissociation, acids can be divided into strong acids and weak acids to form H + ions when they are dissolved in water. When using a strong base to titrate an acid solution of a known concentration, the acid concentration can be calculated, considering the fact that the neutralization reaction is complete. For the same reason, only strong bases are used in the titration process, so in this case, acidic solutions are titrated, and strong bases are titrants or standard solutions.

Process of Acid-Base Titration?

·         Take the required volume of alkali/base of known concentration from the pipette and transfer it to the burette.

·         Acid of unknown concentration is put in the burette and allowed to interact with the base drop by drop.

·         The indicator that determines the endpoint is also placed in the titration bottle.

·         At the end of the reaction, the color of the solution in the titration flask changes due to the indicator.

·         The indicator used for this can be phenolphthalein, which is pink in alkaline solutions and colorless in acidic and neutral solutions.

Therefore, the endpoint is determined when the pink solution becomes colorless. However, you can find the volume, molarity, and moles of acid and base by titration calculator that are important for Acid base titration.

How to Calculate Titrations?

When a base or acid is dissolved in water, its H⁺ or OH^– ions will dissociate, which will change the natural self-ionization balance of water:

2H₂O ⇌ OH⁻ + H₃O⁺ 

It will become more strong acid strong base titration solution. At pH 7, the concentration of H₃O⁺ ion and OH⁻ ion is 1:1 (titration equivalence point).

For titration, we usually use a solution of known volume but unknown molarity (analyte), to which a colored indicator (such as phenolphthalein) is added. When the ratio of 1:1 is reached (determined by the titration curve), the indicator will change color. By adding known molarity of acid or base (titrant) and measuring the amount required to effect this change, the titration calculator can calculate the molarity of the unknown value using the following weak base strong acid titration formula:

nH * Vx * Mx = nOH * Vy * My

where:

nH = number of H+ ions contributed

Mx = molarity of the acid,

Vx = volume of the acid,

nOH = number of OH- ions

My = molarity of base, and

Vy = volume of the base.

However, a free Theoretical Yield Calculator is used for chemical reactions that compute the theoretical yield according to the theoretical yield formula.

Example:

Dissolve 2.0 g of the unknown monobasic acid sample in 100 ml of water. A 20 ml portion of this solution requires 15 ml of 0.12 M NaOH solution to reach the titrations equivalence point. If the molecular mass of the acid is 122 g/mol, determine the purity (%) of the acid.

Solution:

The titration calculations for NaOH:

For 20 ml acid solution: 15 ml 0.12 mol NaOH required

So, the number of base equivalents = 12 × 15 = 1.8 × 10^-3 equivalent

So, in 20 ml of acidic solution 1.80 x 10^-3 equivalent of acids

Therefore x = 9 × 10^-3 equivalent, because it is a monobasic acid, the mass of the titration equation of the acid is the same.

In a 2 g sample:

Acid mass = 9 × 10^-3 × 122 = 1.098 g

% Purity = 1098/2 × 100 = 54.9%

Table of common bases and Acids and Strengths:

Base:

Formula	Name	Strength
NaOH	Sodium hydroxide	Strong
KOH	Potassium hydroxide	Strong
Ca(OH)2	Calcium hydroxide	Strong
Ba(OH)2	Barium hydroxide	Strong
NH3	Ammonia	Weak
CH3NH2	Methylamine	Weak
C5H5N	Pyridine	Weak

Acid:

Formula	Name	Strength
HCl	Hydrochloric acid	Strong
HNO3	Nitric acid	Strong
H2SO4	Sulfuric acid	Strong
HBr	Hydrobromic acid	Strong
HI	Hydroiodic acid	Strong
HClO4	Perchloric acid	Strong
HClO3	Chloric acid	Strong
HCOOH	Formic acid	Weak
CH3COOH	Acetic acid	Weak
C6H5COOH	Benzoic acid	Weak
HF	Hydrofluoric acid	Weak
HNO2	Nitrous acid	Weak
H3PO4	Phosphoric acid	Weak

Lab Equipment For Titration:

The experiment will be successful only if the correct equipment is used carefully. You must have sufficient knowledge of the equipment and its use. You should also be familiar with some laboratory equipment during titration such as burettes and pipettes. They have some similarities but don’t confuse them with each other, as this will lead to incorrect results.

Burette- is a long cylindrical glass tube used to bring a solution of known concentration into a solution of unknown concentration. There is a stopcock or tap at the bottom to pour the solution into the flask, and there is a hole at the top. It has volume markings along with the liquid level measurement.

Pipette- is a glass tube used to measure very small amounts of liquid. It is a long tube with a bulge in the middle. It is used to measure the amount of solutions or titrants of unknown concentration. It is smaller than a burette.

Estimating the Equivalence Point’s pH:

The pH value of the solution obtained at the equivalence point depends on the relative concentration of acid and base. You can estimate the pH value of the equivalence point according to the following rule:

• Strong acid reacts with weak base to form an acidic solution (pH < 7).
• Strong acid reacts with strong base to form an acidic solution (pH = 7).
• Weak acid reacts with strong base to form an acidic solution (pH > 7).

When a weak acid reacts with a weak base, the equivalence point solution is alkaline/base if the base is strong, and acidic if the acid is strong; if the two concentrations are the same, the equivalent pH value is neutral. However, weak acids cannot usually be titrated with weak bases because the color change is short-lived and therefore difficult to observe.

How does Titration Calculator Works?

The titration concentration calculator computes the concentrations and volume of acid base solution by following these guidelines:

Input:

·         First, choose an option from the drop-down list as you want to calculate the titration.

·         Now, substitute the values in the fields according to your selection.

·         Hit the calculate titration button.

Output:

The titration calculator compute:

·         Molarity and volume of the acid

·         Molarity and volume of the base

·         Moles of H+ and OH- Contributed

FAQ:

What are the main types of titration?

The main types of Titration are:

·         Acid-base Titrations

·         Redox Titrations

·         Precipitation Titrations

·         Complexometric Titrations

What is the purpose of acid-base titration?

The main purpose of acid base titration is to determine an unknown concentration of acid or base in a solution by neutralizing it with a known concentration of base or acid.

What are acid-base indicators?

A substance that changes color when the pH of the surrounding changes is called an acid-base indicator. They are also called pH indicators.

What is end point in titration?

In the titration process, the indicator indicates the point at which the amount of reactant required to complete the reaction has been added to the solution.

Conclusion:

Use this online titration calculator for acid and base titration calculations that helps you to identify the properties of a solution during the chemical experiments. Titration is the slow addition of one solution of known strength to another solution of unknown strength until neutralization. Therefore, knowing the volume value of the two different acid-base solutions and the intensity value of each acid/base will lead to the unknown solution’s intensity value of the unknown solution. So, use our free online calculator to perform titration calculations quickly.

Reference:

From the source of Wikipedia: Volumetric analysis, Preparation techniques, Titration curves, Types of titrations, Redox, Gas phase, Complexometric, Zeta potential, Assay.

From the source of LibreText: Acid-Base Titrations, Complexation Titration, Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base, Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid.

From the source of Lumen Learning: Setting up an Acid-Base, Materials for a Titration Procedure, Equivalence Point Indicators, Estimating the Equivalence Point’s pH.