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Percent Yield Calculator

Choose the term you want to calculate (Percent Yield or Actual Yield). Then, enter the required input values, click on the “Calculate” button, and get the results.

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Percent Yield Calculator:

This percent yield calculator helps to know the efficiency of the chemical reactions. It calculates the percent yield of your chemical reaction, the ratio of the actual amount of product to the theoretical yield. You can also use it to find the actual yield of the chemical reactions. 

What is Percent Yield in Chemistry?

In chemistry, percent yield is said to be the percent ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield. You can calculate percent yield by using the simple percent yield equation. Remember that if the actual and the expected outcomes are the same, then the percent yield is 100%. Typically, the percent yield is lower than 100% because the actual yield is often less than the theoretical value. However, in some cases, the percentage or % yield can exceed 100%. 

Possible Scenarios:

  • Percent Yield < 100%: It is the common case, which shows some loss of product during the reaction or isolation process
  • Percent Yield = 100%: This is an ideal scenario. In this scenario, all reactants are converted to products without any loss
  • Percent Yield > 100%: It sometimes occurs because of some experimental errors (e.g., impurities in the product), or when a side reaction produces the same product as the main reaction is doing

Keep in mind, the percent yield is always a positive value. Sometimes, percent yield is also referred to as ‘Percentage Yield.’ 

Percent Yield Formula:

Percent Yield = (Actual Yield/Theoretical Yield) x 100%

Where:

  • Actual yield: It is said to be the amount of product obtained from a chemical reaction
  • Theoretical yield: The amount of product obtained from the stoichiometric or balanced chemical equation and the limiting reactant

Note:

To use the percentage yield formula, you have to make sure that your both yield values are in the same units. But, when using our percent yield calculator no need to select the same unit for both values. Just enter your values and corresponding units and get instant results!

What Factors Can Affect Percentage Yield?

Several factors can significantly influence the percentage yield of a chemical reaction, but some of them are:

1. Reaction Conditions:

  • Temperature: The change in temperature affects the reaction rates and equilibrium positions
  • Pressure: The variations in the pressure can impact on the percentage yield
  • Catalyst Presence: They can enhance the speed of the reactions, potentially improving the percentage yield

2. Reaction Type:

  • Reversible Reactions: The reversible reactions in closed systems do not reach 100 percent yield. It limits the achievable yield.
  • Side Reactions: The side reactions happening at the same time can consume reactants and produce unwanted products, reducing the yield of the desired product

3. Experimental Factors:

  • Incomplete Reactions: The insufficient reaction time or deactivation of catalysts can prevent all reactants from converting to products
  • Loss of Product: The product formed can be lost while handling, transferring, or performing filtration, or purification
  • Experimental Errors: Using inaccurate measurements, equipment malfunctioning or Human error can lead to lower yields

4. Industrial Considerations:

  • Maximizing Yield: At the industrial level, chemical engineers specifically design processes that maximize the yield and even the rate at which the product is produced. Also, they aim to reduce waste and even energy costs at all stages of the process
  • Economic Factors: At the industrial level, higher yields are necessary for the processes to be economically viable. The lower yields need more reactants, which increase the costs
  • Product Separation: It is necessary to separate the desired product from the reaction mixture efficiently. Using additional separation steps enhances the cost and complexity of the process

How To Calculate Percent Yield?

Follow these steps:

Step #1: Balance the Chemical Equation

  • Balance the chemical equation to get the mole ratio of reactants and products

Step #2: Identify the Limiting Reactant

  • Determine the reactant consumed fully in the reaction. It limits the product formed

Step #3: Determine The Theoretical Yield

  • Calculate the maximum amount of product that can be formed using the stoichiometry (mole ratios) from the balanced equation and the limiting reactant

Step #4: Determine The Actual Yield

  • Measure the amount of product obtained from the reaction

Step #5: Calculate the Percent Yield

  • Put the values in the above formula to calculate the percent yield

Example:

If the maximum amount of product is 19 grams, and (MgCO3) Magnesium carbonate decomposed to form 15 grams of MgO in the actual experiment, then what is the percent yield of MgO?

MgCO3 →MgO + CO2

Solution:

Given that:

  • Actual Yield = 15
  • Theoretical Yield = 19

So, all you need to put the values into the percent yield formula:

Percent Yield = (15 g MgO/19 g MgO) x 100% = 79 %

So, the percent yield of magnesium oxide = 79 %

What is The Actual Yield of A Reaction?

The actual yield is said to be the measured quantity of a product that is obtained from a chemical reaction. 

How To Calculate Actual Yield?

Here are the steps:

  • Determine the theoretical and percent yield
  • Multiply the theoretical and percent yield together

Actual Yield Formula:

Percent Yield x Theoretical Yield

For instant results, try our calculator as it can also be used as the actual yield calculator online. Simply choose the actual yield option from the drop menu, provide the required input values, and get the actual yield of a reaction. 

How To Use The Percent Yield Calculator?

This chemistry percent yield calculator contains a user-friendly interface for the ease of the users, you just have to stick to the following steps to use it accurately:

To Calculate Percent Yield:

  • First of all, you have to select the ‘percent yield’ option from the drop-down menu of the calculator
  • Right after, you have to add the required values into the designated field and select the unit from the drop-down menu, it can either be in ‘µg, mg, g, kg, lbs’
  • Once you added the values, then click on the “Calculate” button, the calculator shows the percent yield value

To Calculate Actual Yield:

  • At first, you have to select the ‘actual yield’ option from the drop-down menu
  • Then, you have to enter the value of ‘percent yield’ into the designated box
  • Now, you have to enter the required values and choose the unit from the drop-down menu, it can either be in ‘µg, mg, g, kg, lbs’
  • After adding the required values, simply click on the “Calculate” button. Now, the percent yield calculator chemistry will calculate the value of the actual yield

FAQ’s:

What is A Good Percent Yield?

Typically, a reaction is given a maximum percentage yield; as the name reveals, this is said to be the highest percentage of theoretical product that can practically be obtained. A reaction yield of 90 percent of the theoretical possible would be considered excellent. And, an 80% yield would be very good. Also, a yield of 50% is considered adequate.

Can You have A Percent Yield Over 100?

Usually, percent yields are understandably less than 100% as we discussed above. However, percent yields can be greater than 100% if the measured product of the reaction has impurities that cause its mass to be greater than it actually would be if the product was pure.

Why is Percentage Yield Important?

Percent yield is said to be very important in the manufacture of products. It takes a lot of time and money to improve the percent yield for chemical production. However, when a complex amount of chemicals are synthesized by many different reactions, one step with a low % yield can quickly cause a large waste of reactants and unnecessary expense.

Is A Higher or Lower Percent Yield Better?

Generally, a high percent yield is considered good, here is why:

  • It shows that more of the reactant is converted into the product. 
  • It enhances the efficiency of material usage 
  • A higher yield reduces the use of expensive reactants, lowering the production cost
  • High yield helps to reduce the waste

However, according to some studies, a very high or very low yield might indicate potential issues:

  • A higher percent yield might indicate that your product is being contaminated by excess reactant, water, or other substances
  • A lower percent yield might indicate that you spilled a portion of your product – or mismeasured a reactant

What is The Purpose of The Percent Yield?

Percent yield is a useful way to determine how much of a reactant has been successfully converted to a product in a chemical reaction. Remember that if none of the reactants ends up as products, then the percentage yield is said to be 0%.

Disclaimer: 

This chemical equation percent yield calculator is created for educational and informational purposes only. It should not be considered a substitute for professional scientific analysis. The actual experimental results can vary because of a wide range of factors, including reaction conditions, experimental errors, etc. 

References:

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - percentage yield (or fractional yield or relative yield) in chemical reactions.

The source of WikiHow provided: Education about Chemistry Solutions - how to calculate percent yield in chemistry.

From the source of Study – College Chemistry: Tutoring Solution/Science Courses – percent yield formula example.

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